Introducción
En una serie anterior de blogposts
- Instalar Pi OS
- Compilación cruzada de Qt 5.15 para Raspberry Compute Module 4 en Ubuntu 20 LTS.
- Configurar Qt Creator en Ubuntu 20 LTS para la compilación cruzada.
Escribí sobre la instalación de Raspbian en Raspberry Compute Module y configurar la compilación cruzada para QtCreator en Ubuntu 20.
Este blogpost es una actualización de la - en este momento - más reciente versión 6.8 de Qt, raspi OS Bookworm y Ubuntu 22.04 LTS.
Requisitos previos
Utilicé los siguientes hard- y software:
- Raspberry Pi 4
- raspi OS Bookworm, sin software recomendado
- Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
- Qt 6.8
- QtCreator 14.02
Notas
Si tienes un ordenador portátil o de sobremesa con suficiente RAM y núcleos de CPU, puedes hacer la compilación cruzada en una máquina virtual. Pero hice la experiencia, que un equipo nativo es mucho más rápido y produce menos errores.
Echa un vistazo a las rutas de archivos y direcciones ip en mis ejemplos de código y ajústalas a tus necesidades.
Configurar Raspberry Pi
- Descarga raspiOS desde https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/operating-systems
- 2024-07-04-raspios-bookworm-arm64.img.xz: 64bit con Raspberry Pi OS con escritorio (no con el Software recomendado)
- Flashear la imagen a la tarjeta SD con Balena Etcher
- Siga la instalación y no olvide la configuración para la conexión remota (ssh)
- Conéctate a la RPi con ssh -> en mi caso a la dirección IP 192.168.2.167 y usuario pi -> desde tu host Ubuntu
ssh pi@192.168.2.167
- Instala el software necesario:
sudo apt-get install libboost-all-dev libudev-dev libinput-dev libts-dev libmtdev-dev libjpeg-dev libfontconfig1-dev libssl-dev libdbus-1-dev libglib2.0-dev libxkbcommon-dev libegl1-mesa-dev libgbm-dev libgles2-mesa-dev mesa-common-dev libasound2-dev libpulse-dev gstreamer1.0-omx libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev gstreamer1.0-alsa libvpx-dev libsrtp2-dev libsnappy-dev libnss3-dev "^libxcb.*" flex bison libxslt-dev ruby gperf libbz2-dev libcups2-dev libatkmm-1.6-dev libxi6 libxcomposite1 libfreetype6-dev libicu-dev libsqlite3-dev libxslt1-dev
sudo apt-get install libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libx11-dev freetds-dev libsqlite3-dev libpq-dev libiodbc2-dev firebird-dev libxext-dev libxcb1 libxcb1-dev libx11-xcb1 libx11-xcb-dev libxcb-keysyms1 libxcb-keysyms1-dev libxcb-image0 libxcb-image0-dev libxcb-shm0 libxcb-shm0-dev libxcb-icccm4 libxcb-icccm4-dev libxcb-sync1 libxcb-sync-dev libxcb-render-util0 libxcb-render-util0-dev libxcb-xfixes0-dev libxrender-dev libxcb-shape0-dev libxcb-randr0-dev libxcb-glx0-dev libxi-dev libdrm-dev libxcb-xinerama0 libxcb-xinerama0-dev libatspi2.0-dev libxcursor-dev libxcomposite-dev libxdamage-dev libxss-dev libxtst-dev libpci-dev libcap-dev libxrandr-dev libdirectfb-dev libaudio-dev libxkbcommon-x11-dev gdbserver
- Crea una carpeta para la instalación de Qt 6:
sudo mkdir /usr/local/qt6
- Descubre las versiones de gcc, ld y ldd. El código fuente de la misma versión debe ser descargado para construir el compilador cruzado más tarde.
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ gcc --version
gcc (Debian 12.2.0-14) 12.2.0
Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ ld --version
GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Debian) 2.40
Copyright (C) 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of
the GNU General Public License version 3 or (at your option) a later version.
This program has absolutely no warranty.
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ ldd --version
ldd (Debian GLIBC 2.36-9+rpt2+deb12u8) 2.36
Copyright (C) 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Written by Roland McGrath and Ulrich Drepper.
- Añade el siguiente fragmento de código al final de ~/.bashrc y actualiza los cambios:
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/qt6/lib/
source ~/.bashrc
Configuración de Ubuntu 22.04 LTS
- Actualización a las últimas versiones de los paquetes de software:
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
- Instale los siguientes paquetes:
sudo apt-get install make build-essential libclang-dev ninja-build gcc git bison python3 gperf pkg-config libfontconfig1-dev libfreetype6-dev libx11-dev libx11-xcb-dev libxext-dev libxfixes-dev libxi-dev libxrender-dev libxcb1-dev libxcb-glx0-dev libxcb-keysyms1-dev libxcb-image0-dev libxcb-shm0-dev libxcb-icccm4-dev libxcb-sync-dev libxcb-xfixes0-dev libxcb-shape0-dev libxcb-randr0-dev libxcb-render-util0-dev libxcb-util-dev libxcb-xinerama0-dev libxcb-xkb-dev libxkbcommon-dev libxkbcommon-x11-dev libatspi2.0-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev freeglut3-dev build-essential gawk git texinfo bison file wget libssl-dev gdbserver gdb-multiarch libxcb-cursor-dev
Build the latest cmake version from source:
cd ~
wget https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.30.5/cmake-3.30.5.tar.gz
tar -xzvf cmake-3.30.5.tar.gz
cd cmake-3.30.5
./bootstrap
make -j$(nproc)
sudo make install
# Update PATH Environment Variable
which cmake
/usr/local/bin/cmake
export PATH=/usr/local/bin/cmake:$PATH
source ~/.bashrc
cmake --version
Build gcc as a cross compiler
Descargue el código fuente necesario. Debes modificar los siguientes comandos a tus necesidades. Para el momento en que hago esta página, son:
- gcc 12.2.0
- binutils 2.40(versión ld)
- glibc 2.36(versión ldd)
cd ~
mkdir gcc_all && cd gcc_all
wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/binutils/binutils-2.40.tar.bz2
wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/glibc/glibc-2.36.tar.bz2
wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gcc/gcc-12.2.0/gcc-12.2.0.tar.gz
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux
tar xf binutils-2.40.tar.bz2
tar xf glibc-2.36.tar.bz2
tar xf gcc-12.2.0.tar.gz
rm *.tar.*
cd gcc-12.2.0
contrib/download_prerequisites
- Crear una carpeta para la instalación del compilador.
sudo mkdir -p /opt/cross-pi-gcc
sudo chown $USER /opt/cross-pi-gcc
export PATH=/opt/cross-pi-gcc/bin:$PATH
- Copiar las cabeceras del kernel en la carpeta anterior.
cd ~/gcc_all
cd linux
KERNEL=kernel7
make ARCH=arm64 INSTALL_HDR_PATH=/opt/cross-pi-gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu headers_install
- Construir Binutils.
cd ~/gcc_all
mkdir build-binutils && cd build-binutils
../binutils-2.40/configure --prefix=/opt/cross-pi-gcc --target=aarch64-linux-gnu --with-arch=armv8 --disable-multilib
make -j 8
make install
- Edite gcc-12.2.0/libsanitizer/asan/asan_linux.cpp. Añade el siguiente trozo de código.
#ifndef PATH_MAX
#define PATH_MAX 4096
#endif
- Hacer una compilación parcial de gcc.
cd ~/gcc_all
mkdir build-gcc && cd build-gcc
../gcc-12.2.0/configure --prefix=/opt/cross-pi-gcc --target=aarch64-linux-gnu --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
make -j8 all-gcc
make install-gcc
- Construir parcialmente Glibc.
cd ~/gcc_all
mkdir build-glibc && cd build-glibc
../glibc-2.36/configure --prefix=/opt/cross-pi-gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu --build=$MACHTYPE --host=aarch64-linux-gnu --target=aarch64-linux-gnu --with-headers=/opt/cross-pi-gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/include --disable-multilib libc_cv_forced_unwind=yes
make install-bootstrap-headers=yes install-headers
make -j8 csu/subdir_lib
install csu/crt1.o csu/crti.o csu/crtn.o /opt/cross-pi-gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/lib
aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc -nostdlib -nostartfiles -shared -x c /dev/null -o /opt/cross-pi-gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/libc.so
touch /opt/cross-pi-gcc/aarch64-linux-gnu/include/gnu/stubs.h
- Volver a gcc.
cd ~/gcc_all/build-gcc
make -j8 all-target-libgcc
make install-target-libgcc
- Termina de construir glibc.
cd ~/gcc_all/build-glibc
make -j8
make install
- Termina de construir gcc.
cd ~/gcc_all/build-gcc
make -j8
make install
En este punto, tenemos una cadena de herramientas completa con gcc. La carpeta gcc_all ya no es necesaria. Puedes borrarla.
Construir Qt6
Existen dos posibilidades para compilar Qt6. Hay una versión "single" (https://download.qt.io/official_releases/qt/6.8/6.8.0/single/qt-everywhere-src-6.8.0.tar.xz) para descargar, que contiene qtbase y todos los submódulos. Este es un material muy pesado y necesita mucha potencia y tiempo para compilarlo.
Mi recomendacion es, compilar qtbase como base y despues compilar solo cada submodulo que necesites por separado.
- Crea carpetas para sysroot y qt6. Yo creo estas carpetas en mi directorio workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation.
cd ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation
mkdir rpi-sysroot rpi-sysroot/usr rpi-sysroot/opt
mkdir qt6 qt6/host qt6/pi qt6/host-build qt6/pi-build qt6/src
- Descarga el código fuente de QtBase
cd ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/src
wget https://download.qt.io/official_releases/qt/6.8/6.8.0/submodules/qtbase-everywhere-src-6.8.0.tar.xz
tar xf qtbase-everywhere-src-6.8.0.tar.xz
Build Qt6 for host
cd ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/host-build/
cmake ../src/qtbase-everywhere-src-6.8.0/ -GNinja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DQT_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF -DQT_BUILD_TESTS=OFF -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$HOME/qt6/host
cmake --build . --parallel 8
cmake --install .
Los binarios estarán en ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/host
Build Qt6 for rpi
Copia y pega algunas carpetas desde rpi usando rsync a través de SSH.
cd ~
rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" pi@192.168.2.167:/usr/include workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/rpi-sysroot/usr
rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" pi@192.168.2.167:/lib workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/rpi-sysroot
rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" pi@192.168.2.167:/usr/lib workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/rpi-sysroot/usr
rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" pi@192.168.2.167:/opt/vc workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/rpi-sysroot/opt
- Crea un archivo llamado toolchain.cmake en ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6. Necesitas ajustar la línea "set(TARGET_SYSROOT /home/factory/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/rpi-sysroot)" a tu entorno.
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.18)
include_guard(GLOBAL)
set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Linux)
set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR arm)
# You should change location of sysroot to your needs.
set(TARGET_SYSROOT /home/factory/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/rpi-sysroot)
set(TARGET_ARCHITECTURE aarch64-linux-gnu)
set(CMAKE_SYSROOT ${TARGET_SYSROOT})
set(ENV{PKG_CONFIG_PATH} $PKG_CONFIG_PATH:${CMAKE_SYSROOT}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/pkgconfig)
set(ENV{PKG_CONFIG_LIBDIR} /usr/lib/pkgconfig:/usr/share/pkgconfig/:${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/pkgconfig:${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/lib/pkgconfig)
set(ENV{PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR} ${CMAKE_SYSROOT})
set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER /opt/cross-pi-gcc/bin/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}-gcc)
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER /opt/cross-pi-gcc/bin/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}-g++)
set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -isystem=/usr/include -isystem=/usr/local/include -isystem=/usr/include/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}")
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS}")
set(QT_COMPILER_FLAGS "-march=armv8-a")
set(QT_COMPILER_FLAGS_RELEASE "-O2 -pipe")
set(QT_LINKER_FLAGS "-Wl,-O1 -Wl,--hash-style=gnu -Wl,--as-needed -Wl,-rpath-link=${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE} -Wl,-rpath-link=$HOME/qt6/pi/lib")
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER)
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY)
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY)
set(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PACKAGE ONLY)
set(CMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH_USE_LINK_PATH TRUE)
set(CMAKE_BUILD_RPATH ${TARGET_SYSROOT})
include(CMakeInitializeConfigs)
function(cmake_initialize_per_config_variable _PREFIX _DOCSTRING)
if (_PREFIX MATCHES "CMAKE_(C|CXX|ASM)_FLAGS")
set(CMAKE_${CMAKE_MATCH_1}_FLAGS_INIT "${QT_COMPILER_FLAGS}")
foreach (config DEBUG RELEASE MINSIZEREL RELWITHDEBINFO)
if (DEFINED QT_COMPILER_FLAGS_${config})
set(CMAKE_${CMAKE_MATCH_1}_FLAGS_${config}_INIT "${QT_COMPILER_FLAGS_${config}}")
endif()
endforeach()
endif()
if (_PREFIX MATCHES "CMAKE_(SHARED|MODULE|EXE)_LINKER_FLAGS")
foreach (config SHARED MODULE EXE)
set(CMAKE_${config}_LINKER_FLAGS_INIT "${QT_LINKER_FLAGS}")
endforeach()
endif()
_cmake_initialize_per_config_variable(${ARGV})
endfunction()
set(XCB_PATH_VARIABLE ${TARGET_SYSROOT})
set(GL_INC_DIR ${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/include)
set(GL_LIB_DIR ${TARGET_SYSROOT}:${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/:${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr:${TARGET_SYSROOT}/usr/lib)
set(EGL_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(EGL_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/libEGL.so)
set(OPENGL_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(OPENGL_opengl_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/libOpenGL.so)
set(GLESv2_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(GLIB_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/libGLESv2.so)
set(GLESv2_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(GLESv2_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/libGLESv2.so)
set(gbm_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(gbm_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/libgbm.so)
set(Libdrm_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(Libdrm_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/libdrm.so)
set(XCB_XCB_INCLUDE_DIR ${GL_INC_DIR})
set(XCB_XCB_LIBRARY ${XCB_PATH_VARIABLE}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/libxcb.so)
list(APPEND CMAKE_LIBRARY_PATH ${CMAKE_SYSROOT}/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE})
list(APPEND CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH "/usr/lib/${TARGET_ARCHITECTURE}/cmake")
- Corregir enlaces simbólicos absolutos
cd ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/riscv/riscv-poky/master/scripts/sysroot-relativelinks.py
chmod +x sysroot-relativelinks.py
python3 sysroot-relativelinks.py rpi-sysroot
- Compilar código fuente para rpi.
cd $HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/pi-build
cmake ../src/qtbase-everywhere-src-6.8.0/ -GNinja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DINPUT_opengl=es2 -DQT_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF -DQT_BUILD_TESTS=OFF -DQT_HOST_PATH=$HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/host -DCMAKE_STAGING_PREFIX=$HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/pi -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/qt6 -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/toolchain.cmake -DQT_QMAKE_TARGET_MKSPEC=devices/linux-rasp-pi4-aarch64 -DQT_FEATURE_xcb=ON -DFEATURE_xcb_xlib=ON -DQT_FEATURE_xlib=ON
cmake --build . --parallel 8
cmake --install .
- Enviar los binarios a rpi.
rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" $HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/pi/* pi@192.168.2.167:/usr/local/qt6
Configurar QtCreator
Configurar compiladores
Configurar depuradores
Configurar dispositivos
Configurar versiones de Qt
Configurar Kits
En "CMake Configuration" haz click en Change y añade los siguientes comandos.
-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE:UNINITIALIZED=/home/pmy/qt6/pi/lib/cmake/Qt6/qt.toolchain.cmake
Configuración de proyectos QtCreator
Si creas un proyecto en QtCreator, tienes que ajustar la configuración de "Run". En "Environment" tienes que añadir:
-LD_LIBRARY_PATH=:/usr/local/qt6/lib/
Añadir submódulos Qt
Añadir módulo QML
Descargar códigos fuente:
cd ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/src
wget https://download.qt.io/official_releases/qt/6.8/6.8.0/submodules/qtshadertools-everywhere-src-6.8.0.tar.xz
tar xf qtshadertools-everywhere-src-6.8.0.tar.xz
wget https://download.qt.io/official_releases/qt/6.8/6.8.0/submodules/qtdeclarative-everywhere-src-6.8.0.tar.xz
tar xf qtdeclarative-everywhere-src-6.8.0.tar.xz
Tienes que comprobar las dependencias en ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/src/qtdeclarative-everywhere-src-6.8.0/dependencies.yaml y ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/src/qtshadertools-everywhere-src-6.8.0/dependencies.yaml.
Asegúrese de que los módulos necesarios deben ser construidos e instalados en primer lugar.
- Construir los módulos para el host.
cd ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/host-build
rm -rf *
$HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/host/bin/qt-configure-module ../src/qtshadertools-everywhere-src-6.8.0
cmake --build . --parallel 8
cmake --install .
rm -rf *
$HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/host/bin/qt-configure-module ../src/qtdeclarative-everywhere-src-6.8.0
cmake --build . --parallel 8
cmake --install .
- Construir los módulos para rpi
cd ~/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/pi-build
rm -rf *
$HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/pi/bin/qt-configure-module ../src/qtshadertools-everywhere-src-6.8.0
cmake --build . --parallel 8
cmake --install .
rm -rf *
$HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/pi/bin/qt-configure-module ../src/qtdeclarative-everywhere-src-6.8.0
cmake --build . --parallel 8
cmake --install .
- Enviar los binarios a rpi.
rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" $HOME/workspace/qt-rpi-cross-compilation/qt6/pi/* pi@192.168.2.167:/usr/local/qt6
Agradecimientos
Fuentes utilizadas en la elaboración de estas Instrucciones:
- https://wiki.qt.io/Cross-Compile_Qt_6_for_Raspberry_Pi
- https://github.com/MuyePan/CrossCompileQtForRpi
Gracias a todos.